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Information on Antibiotic Resistant Organisms (AROs) and C. difficile in hospitals in the Winnipeg Health Region
Over the past decade or so, the presence of Antibiotic Resistant Organisms (AROs) and C. difficile has been increasing in hospitals across the country, including the Winnipeg Health Region, presenting therapeutic challenges for both care givers and management.
AROs, like Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE), are typically introduced into a health care setting by an unidentified infected patient (either a carrier or someone with symptoms). C. difficile is an infectious organism of the gastrointestinal tract. C. difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) is one of the most common causes of antibiotic associated diarrhea. Once in a healthcare environment, AROs and C. difficile can be difficult to treat and can spread to other patients, either through person to person contact by hands or indirectly by contact with environmental surfaces and equipment that have been in contact with the infected person.
Hospitalized patients that are positive for AROs and C. difficile are placed on Contact Precautions while in hospital to prevent spread to other patients. There is no need to practice Contact Precautions when the patient is discharged home. The important measure at home is good hygiene practices. People should wash their hands often. Hands should be washed after going to the bathroom, touching their nose or wound.
The WRHA's Regional Infection Prevention and Control Program, which includes surveillance and reporting of AROs and C. difficile is designed to monitor and control the spread of these infections. For the purposes of this surveillance, Manitoba Health definitions have been used to monitor these infections.
The Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Project (CNISP) is a collaborative effort of the Canadian Hospital Epidemiology Committee (CHEC), a subcommittee of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infection Disease (AMMI) Canada, the Centre of Infection Disease Prevention and Control (CIDPC) of the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). There are 49 participating hospitals from 9 provinces across Canada who provides specific information on health care associated infections, allowing CNISP to give a national picture and help develop national guidelines on how best to deal with these issues.
Manitoba Health and CNISP definitions may be different but CNISP rates may be used as a benchmark. WRHA rates are also used to compare to each other year to year.
| November 2011 |
| Table 1 & 2: WRHA Rates of Clostridium difficile |
| Table 3 & 4: WRHA Rates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| Table 5 & 6: WRHA Rates of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus |
| October 2011 |
| Table 1 & 2: WRHA Rates of Clostridium difficile |
| Table 3 & 4: WRHA Rates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| Table 5 & 6: WRHA Rates of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus |
| July 1 - September 30, 2011 |
| Table 1 & 2: WRHA Rates of Clostridium difficile |
| Table 3 & 4: WRHA Rates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| Table 5 & 6: WRHA Rates of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus |
| April 1 - June 30, 2011 |
| Table 1 & 2: WRHA Rates of Clostridium difficile |
| Table 3 & 4: WRHA Rates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| Table 5 & 6: WRHA Rates of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus |
| January 1 - March 31, 2011 |
| Table 1 & 2: WRHA Rates of Clostridium difficile |
| Table 3 & 4: WRHA Rates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| Table 5 & 6: WRHA Rates of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus |
| October 1 - December 31, 2010 |
| Table 1 & 2: WRHA Rates of Clostridium difficile |
| Table 3 & 4: WRHA Rates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| Table 5 & 6: WRHA Rates of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus |
| July 1 - September 30, 2010 |
| Table 1 & 2: WRHA Rates of Clostridium difficile |
| Table 3 & 4: WRHA Rates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| Table 5 & 6: WRHA Rates of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus |
| April 1 - June 30, 2010 |
| Table 1 & 2: WRHA Rates of Clostridium difficile |
| Table 3 & 4: WRHA Rates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| Table 5 & 6: WRHA Rates of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus |
| January 1 - March 31, 2010 |
| Table 1 & 2: WRHA Rates of Clostridium difficile |
| Table 3 & 4: WRHA Rates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| Table 5 & 6: WRHA Rates of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus |
| October 1 - December 31, 2009 |
| Table 1 & 2: WRHA Rates of Clostridium difficile |
| Table 3 & 4: WRHA Rates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| Table 5 & 6: WRHA Rates of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus |
| July 1 - September 30, 2009 |
| Table 1 & 2: WRHA Rates of Clostridium difficile |
| Table 3 & 4: WRHA Rates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| Table 5 & 6: WRHA Rates of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus |
| April 1 - June 30, 2009 |
| Table 1 & 2: WRHA Rates of Clostridium difficile |
| Table 3 & 4: WRHA Rates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| Table 5 & 6: WRHA Rates of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus |
| January 1 - March 31, 2009 |
| Table 1 & 2: WRHA Rates of Clostridium difficile |
| Table 3 & 4: WRHA Rates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| Table 5 & 6: WRHA Rates of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus |
| October 1 - December 31, 2008 |
| Table 1 & 2: WRHA Rates of Clostridium difficile |
| Table 3 & 4: WRHA Rates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| Table 5 & 6: WRHA Rates of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus |
| July 1 - September 30, 2008 |
| Table 1 & 2: WRHA Rates of Clostridium difficile |
| Table 3 & 4: WRHA Rates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| Table 5 & 6: WRHA Rates of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus |
| April 1 - June 30, 2008 |
| Table 1 & 2: WRHA Rates of Clostridium difficile |
| Table 3 & 4: WRHA Rates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| Table 5 & 6: WRHA Rates of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus |
| April 1, 2007 - March 31, 2008 |
| Table 1 & 2: WRHA Rates of Clostridium difficile |
| Table 3 & 4: WRHA Rates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| Table 5 & 6: WRHA Rates of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus |
Resources
Hospital Patient and Family Contact Precautions Information Sheet
If you have more questions, please contact:
Heidi Graham
Winnipeg Regional Health Authority
Tele: (204) 926-7178
Cell: (204) 223-9089
hgraham@wrha.mb.ca
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